Cheatsheet of numbat
numbat
█▄░█ █░█ █▀▄▀█ █▄▄ ▄▀█ ▀█▀ Numbat 1.12.0
█░▀█ █▄█ █░▀░█ █▄█ █▀█ ░█░ https://numbat.dev/
>>>
Numbers
Integers
12345
12_345 # optional decimal separators
Floating point numbers
0.234
.234 # without the leading zero
Scientific notation
1.234e15
1.234e+15
1e-9
1.0e-9
Bases
0x2A # hexadecimal
0o52 # octal
0b101010 # binary
Special numbers
NaN # Not a number
inf # Infinity
Calculations
Additions and Subtractions
3 + (4 - 3)
Multiplications and Divisions
1920 / 16 * 9
1920 ÷ 16 × 9 # Unicode-style, '·' is also multiplication
2 pi # Whitespace is implicit multiplication
meter per second # 'per' keyword can be used for division
Exponential
2^3
2^-3 # Negative exponents
2**3 # Python-style
2³ # Unicode exponents
Factorial
5!
Comparison
3 < 4 # Less than
4 <= 4 # Less than or equal
4 > 3 # Greater than
4 >= 4 # Greater than or equal
4 == 4 # Equal
3 != 4 # Not equal
Logical
!x # Logical NOT
x && y # Logical AND
x || y # Logical OR
Units
Most common units
42 deg # degree
42 grad # gradian
42 rad # radian
42 rev # revolution
42 bit # bit
42 byte # byte
42 B # byte
42 KiB # kibibyte
42 MiB # mebibyte
42 GiB # gibibyte
42 kB # kilobyte
42 MB # megabyte
42 GB # gigabyte
42 dots # dots
42 dpi # dots per inch
Prefixes
Metric prefixes Binary prefixex
| Prefix | Description | Prefix | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
Q |
Quetta | d |
deci |
R |
Rotta | c |
centi |
Y |
Yotta | m |
milli |
Z |
Zetta | μ |
micro |
E |
Exa | n |
nano |
P |
Peta | p |
pico |
T |
Tera | f |
femto |
G |
Giga | a |
atto |
M |
Mega | z |
zepto |
k |
kilo | y |
yocto |
h |
hecto | r |
ronto |
da |
deca | q |
quecto |
Conversion
Units
42 in -> cm # Unit conversion, can also be → or ➞
42 in to cm # Unit conversion with the 'to' keyword
120 km/h -> mph
Convert to the same unit
let x1 = 50 km / h
let x2 = 3 m/s -> x1
Bases
42 -> bin
42 -> oct
42 -> dec
42 -> hex
42 -> char
42 -> base(2)
42 -> base(8)
42 -> base(10)
42 -> base(16)
bin(42)
oct(42)
dec(42)
hex(42)
Time
now() -> unixtime
now() -> tz("Europe/Berlin")
Strings
"Numbat is Awesome" -> uppercase
"Numbat is Awesome" -> lowercase
Functions
# Pure functions
fn area_circle(radius) = pi * radius^2
area_circle(1)
area_circle(1m)
# Function with types
fn area_circle(radius: Length) -> Area = pi * radius^2
area_circle(1) # Error: expected Length
area_circle(1s) # Error: expected Length
area_circle(1m) # Ok
# Recursive functions
fn fib(n: Scalar) -> Scalar =
if n ≤ 2
then 1
else fib(n - 2) + fib(n - 1)
Conditional
if <cond> then <expr1> else <expr2>
fn step(x: Scalar) -> Scalar = if x < 0 then 0 else 1
Date and Time
date("20-10-05") # specific date
time("12:30:05") # specific time
datetime("20-10-05 12:30:05.00000") # specific date and time
Possible formats:
%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%.f
Date Time Calculation
now() # current time
now() - 40 days + 1 hour # current time minus 40 days and plus 1 hour
date("2024-06-20") - today() -> days # days until 2024-06-20
Unixtime
now() -> unixtime # current time in unixtime
from_unixtime(1_718_901_719) # convert unixtime to date
Formatting
format_datetime(format: String, dt: DateTime)
x = datetime("20-10-05 12:30:05")
format_datetime("%Y-%m-%d %Hh%Mm%Ss.%f", x)
Timezones
get_local_timezone() # get local timezone aka Europe/Zurich
now() -> tz("Europe/Zurich")
now() -> tz("CET")
now() -> tz("UTC")
Date date("")
date("yyyy-mm-dd") is a function that converts the current time to the specified date.
Timezones tz("")
tz("xxx/xxx") is a function that converts the current time to the specified timezone.
| Abbreviation | Description | Timezone |
|---|---|---|
MST, |
Mountain Standard Time | UTC -0700 |
EST, |
Eastern Standard Time | UTC -0500 |
UTC, UCT, GMT |
Coordinated Universal Time | UTC +0000 |
WET |
Western European Time | UTC +0100 |
CET, MET |
Central Europe Time | UTC +0200 |
NZ |
New Zealand | UTC +1200 |
| Location | Timezone |
|---|---|
Pacific/Niue |
UTC -1100 |
Pacific/Tahiti |
UTC -1000 |
Pacific/Gambier |
UTC -0900 |
Pacific/Pitcairn |
UTC -0800 |
Pacific/Galapagos |
UTC -0600 |
America/Lima |
UTC -0500 |
America/Guyana |
UTC -0400 |
America/Sao_Paulo |
UTC -0300 |
Atlantic/South_Georgia |
UTC -0200 |
Atlantic/Cape_Verde |
UTC -0100 |
UTC |
UTC -0000 |
Portugal |
UTC +0100 |
Europe/Zurich |
UTC +0200 |
Europe/Helsinki |
UTC +0300 |
Asia/Dubai |
UTC +0400 |
Asia/Kabul |
UTC +0430 |
Asia/Kolkata |
UTC +0530 |
Asia/Kathmandu |
UTC +0545 |
Asia/Dhaka |
UTC +0600 |
Asia/Yangon |
UTC +0630 |
Asia/Bangkok |
UTC +0700 |
Asia/Shanghai |
UTC +0800 |
Asia/Tokyo |
UTC +0900 |
Australia/Sydney |
UTC +1000 |
Pacific/Norfolk |
UTC +1100 |
Pacific/Auckland |
UTC +1200 |
Start typing tz(", then press Tab to see a list of available timezones.
Africa/... Island MET
America/... Singapore MST
Asia/... Turkey NZ
Atlantic/... Hongkong PRC
Europe/... Cuba ROC
Pacific/... Poland ROK
India/... Portugal EST
Antarctica/... GMT
Arctic/... UTC
Canada/... WET
Brazil/... UCT
Chile/...
US/...
let radius: Length = sqrt(footballfield / 4 pi) -> meter
print("A football field would fit on a sphere of radius {radius}")
Structs
let hydrogen = Element {
name: "Hydrogen",
atomic_number: 1,
density: 0.08988 g/L,
}
hydrogen.density
Unit Definitions
unit barleycorn : Length = inch/3
unit poppyseed : Length = barleycorn / 4
unit tod : Mass = stone*2
2048 grain / poppyseed² => tod / yard²
Dimensions
unit second : Time
unit bit : DigitalInformation
unit bps : DataRate
unit Hz: Frequency
unit meter : Length
unit kilogram : Mass
unit ampere : Current
unit kelvin : Temperature
unit mole : AmountOfSubstance
unit Radian : Angle
unit CHF : Money
unit bar : Pressure
unit Litre : Volume
unit kph : Velocity
unit jule: Energy